Contraception: Methods of Contraception
What It Is
Contraception refers to the intentional prevention of pregnancy through various medical, hormonal, barrier, or behavioral methods. Teens who are sexually active should understand the wide range of contraceptive options available, how each method works, and what factors to consider when choosing a method. This includes efficacy, accessibility, side effects, and protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
Types of Contraception:
- Barrier Methods: External condoms, internal condoms, and dental dams. These physically block sperm from reaching an egg and also help prevent STIs.
- Hormonal Methods: Include birth control pills, the patch, the vaginal ring, and the Depo-Provera shot. These methods typically stop ovulation and can help regulate periods.
- Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptives (LARCs): Intrauterine devices (IUDs) and hormonal implants. These are the most effective reversible methods and require little maintenance once placed.
- Emergency Contraception: Plan B, Ella, and copper IUDs (used within a few days after unprotected sex). These prevent pregnancy but are not for routine use.
- Behavioral Methods: Withdrawal and fertility awareness. These rely on timing or bodily cues and are less effective than other methods, especially for teens.
Why It Matters
Comprehensive, evidence-based contraceptive education is directly linked to lower rates of unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections among teensGuttmacher Institute. When young people understand their options and feel empowered to access them, they’re more likely to delay sexual activity, use contraception consistently, and make informed choices about their reproductive healthKirby, D. (2007).
Statistics to Know
- Nearly 40% of teens in the U.S. are sexually active by age 18CDC, YRBSS, 2021.
- Only 54% of sexually active teen girls reported using a highly effective contraceptive method during their last sexual encounterLindberg, L. D., et al. (2016).
- Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) like IUDs and implants are over 99% effective and are recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics as first-line options for teensAAP, 2014.
Age-Specific Guidance
Ages 13–18
- Normalize the topic: Emphasize that knowing about contraception is part of caring for your body and being a responsible human — whether or not they’re sexually active.
- Review the main types of contraception:
- Barrier methods: Condoms (external and internal) and dental dams. Prevent pregnancy and reduce STI risk.
- Hormonal methods: Birth control pills, patch, ring, injection. Regulate menstrual cycles and prevent ovulation.
- LARCs: IUDs and implants. Long-lasting, low-maintenance, highly effective.
- Emergency contraception: Plan B and Ella. Used after unprotected sex to prevent pregnancy.
- Behavioral methods: Fertility awareness or withdrawal. Least effective and not recommended for teens without strong knowledge and consistency.
- Discuss dual protection: Using condoms with another method (like the pill or IUD) offers the best protection against both pregnancy and STIs.
- Address access and autonomy: Teens in many states can legally access contraception without parental consentGuttmacher Institute, 2023. Discuss privacy, appointments, and local clinics (e.g., Planned Parenthood).
- Emphasize consent and readiness: Being informed about contraception goes hand-in-hand with understanding consent and making choices that feel safe and right.
Common Questions Parents Have
"What’s the best birth control method for teens?"
There’s no one-size-fits-all. LARCs like IUDs and implants are the most effective and low-maintenance, but teens may prefer pills or condoms depending on comfort, accessibility, or health needs.
"How do I get birth control without my parents knowing?"
In many states, teens have the legal right to confidential reproductive healthcare, including contraception. Clinics like Planned Parenthood offer private consultationsGuttmacher Institute, 2023.
"What if a condom breaks?"
Emergency contraception can be used within 3–5 days. The sooner it’s taken, the more effective it is.
"Do I have to use both the pill and condoms?"
It’s strongly recommended. The pill prevents pregnancy but not STIs. Condoms protect against both.
"Is it safe to use an IUD at my age?"
Yes. Professional guidelines from the American Academy of Pediatrics and ACOG support IUD use in teensAAP, 2014.